The environment refers to the surroundings in which we live. Atmosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere make our environment. The key elements of the environment are air, water, soil, organisms, and solar energy. These environmental elements can be divided into two groups: physical and biotic. The physical environment includes the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere. The biotic environment consists of organisms, be it humans, animals, plants, or microorganisms. We should keep in mind that the biotic environment is completely dependent on the abiotic environment. However, we the human beings are polluting all the elements of the abiotic or physical environment--air, water, and soil. Environmental pollution occurs when we notice a significant change in the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of the environment. Air can be polluted by solid and liquid particles and certain gases such as carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, methane, and nitrogen dioxide. These particles and gases are generated from vehicles' exhaust, factories, pollen, dust, mold spores, volcanoes, and wildfires. We are to make fires, cook food, melt pitches for road construction, make bricks, and burn woods. Making fire for the above-mentioned purposes creates heavy smoke. This smoke gets mixed with the air and the air gets polluted. Moreover, the vehicles such as buses, trucks, cars, airplanes, helicopters, etc. use fossil fuels such as diesel, petrol, kerosene, etc. We know that burning fossil fuels produce large quantities of carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide. Furthermore, mills and factories, railway engines, and powerhouses burn coal and oil which also produce smoke full of carbon dioxide. Finally, rotting food and other decaying organic waste let methane and carbon dioxide seep out of the ground and up into the air. Water, another vital element, is also being polluted constantly in many ways. Firstly, mills and factories pollute water by throwing a huge amount of toxic chemicals. Next, the uneven use of fertilizers, pesticides, insecticides by farmers is another cause of water pollution. Then comes unsanitary latrines on the bank of the river which also pollute water. Afterward, Leaks and spills of oil from water trucks are a great cause of water pollution. The next cause is throwing dead bodies of animals and rotten plants in the river. Finally, people sometimes throw plastic bottles and other materials from the water trucks into the river or sea which also pollute water. We also pollute soil in many ways. The discharge of industrial waste is one of the many reasons for soil pollution. Another cause of soil pollution is the uneven application of pesticides, insecticides, and fertilizers on the soil. Disposal of plastic bottles, polythene bags, and other materials which do not get mixed with the soil is also responsible for soil pollution. Besides, we are also damaging the fertility of the soil by cutting down trees on a large scale. Municipal trash heap, food processing waste, mining methods are some other sources of soil pollution. Our life is also being disturbed by noise pollution. Firstly, Industrialization has brought noisy machines which continuously make noises. Secondly, hydro-horns from the vehicles generate unbearable noise pollution. Thirdly, firecrackers, be it at festivals, marriages, or other celebrations, are a major source of noise pollution. Besides, regular usage of the mic at political gatherings makes noise pollution too.
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